Isoelectronic species are atoms, ions or molecules that have the same number of electrons. To find the isoelectronic species from the given set, we need to determine the number of electrons in each species.
The electron configuration of each species is:
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O2−:
1s2 2s2 2p6, 10 electrons
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F−:
1s2 2s2 2p6, 10 electrons
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Al:
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p1, 13 electrons
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Mg2+:
1s2 2s2 2p6, 10 electrons
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Na+:
1s2 2s2 2p6, 10 electrons
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O+:
1s2 2s2 2p3, 7 electrons
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Mg:
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2, 12 electrons
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Al3+:
1s2 2s2 2p6, 10 electrons
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F:
1s2 2s2 2p5, 9 electrons