Ecellθ = Ecathodeθ − Eanodeθ
Where:
- Ecathodeθ is the reduction potential of NO3− (Eθ = 0.97 V).
- Eanodeθ is the standard reduction potential of the metal couple (Mn+/M).
Oxidation occurs spontaneously if Ecathodeθ > Eanodeθ, i.e., 0.97 V > Emetalθ.
Comparing the given values:
- Vanadium (V): Eθ = −1.19 V. Since 0.97 > −1.19, V will be oxidized.
- Iron (Fe): Eθ = −0.04 V. Since 0.97 > −0.04, Fe will be oxidized.
- Silver (Ag): Eθ = 0.80 V. Since 0.97 > 0.80, Ag will be oxidized.
- Gold (Au): Eθ = 1.40 V. Since 0.97 < 1.40, Au will not be oxidized.
The metals that will be oxidized are V, Fe, and Ag.
Number of metals = 3